Col Heian period (794-1185), we are witnessing the decline of the imperial government, which gradually lost power and control over the country, we can never establish a full and effective authority over the other clan. Meanwhile, the actual political and economic power had passed into civilian hands of the aristocracy, led by the most influential family of the Court, Fujiwara . However, even the nobility of the capital had ended up losing control over the political and economic life of the country, remaining attached to the refined court ceremonies and devoting their energies to the arts, poetry and the pleasures rather than the administration of the state. Meanwhile, off stage, away from the literary and artistic splendours of the capital dominated by Fujiwara, other players were slowly laying the foundations for an entirely new Japan. It was the
provincial nobility, composed of powerful local leaders and aristocrats of low rank, generally coming from collateral branches of the Fujiwara or imperial, including imperial family lineage "excluded" , such as Tachibana, the Taira or Minamoto , deprived of the right of succession to the throne, a practice started during the reign of ' Shomu Emperor (724-749), many of these families had chosen to improve their status moving in the provinces, where they could buy high public or assume the direct management of agricultural properties. In addition to the social prestige and political and economic power, these "noble country, often despised by the nobility Central, also took a considerable military force that would have allowed them to enter the protagonists in the political competition, dictating new rules and aspiring to higher positions.
To determine the 'rise of this military aristocracy of the provinces (the buke ) , at the expense of civilian capital (the kuge ), participation of a complex set of economic, social and political one these was the separation between ownership and possession : in poche parole, gran parte della terra coltivabile, pur essendo proprietà privata (detta shoen ) delle grandi famiglie aristocratiche di Corte o di istituzioni religiose, veniva da queste ultime lasciata in affidamento a famiglie dell'aristocrazia provinciale che avevano il compito di amministrarle in loro vece. In questo modo, mentre i legittimi proprietari, risiedenti spesso lontani dalle proprie tenute agricole, finivano per perdere il controllo diretto su di esse, e di conseguenza sui loro proventi, la nobiltà di provincia stava facendosi un' esperienza concreta di governo , consolidando sempre di più il proprio potere su terre e contadini. Inoltre, come ho già accennato sopra, i nobili provinciali riuscirono achieve a military force personnel when, with the coming of the capacity of the central government to maintain order in the country, was asked to organize bodies of fighters to defend their land from bandits, from warrior monks and by criminals of all sorts.
This favored the emergence and development of prominent figures of warriors provincial elite members of local, dedicated military training in the arts (such as archery or fencing), and equipped with armor and horses. It was the ninth between the tenth century, following the decline of the imperial army to conscription, which proved ineffective, the strength and military talents were exercised in ever more exclusive by these professionals of the war, initially called bushi (thugs) or saburai (those who serve), then became known under the name of samurai. Over time, the samurai, originally military and civil servants of the ruling elites, assumed total control on agricultural land, as their military might exceed that of the great families of the civilian, who instead showed a profound contempt for weapons and military activity. In addition, they forged a 'common identity as a class separate from the rest of the company, by acquiring behavior rules, coining their own culture and, above all, establishing in them a network of hierarchical relationships. 
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